Why I Want a Wife – Introduction

Why I Want a Wife †Introduction 2/This article was written in 1972. Does it despite everything depict the job of most ‘wives' today? Provided that this is true, why has nothing changed? If not, how have things changed? In 1972, it was accepted that a ‘good’ spouse was a hitched lady who finished and fulfilled all needs including her housework, youngsters and above all, her better half. A decent spouse was typically a house wife.Now, quick forward to 2012 forty years to the present †the general traditions desires despite everything stand, except numerous wives these days have lives, basically. Thinking back to the 70’s, most wedded ladies were housewives. Numerous spouses remained at home to think about their housework, youngsters, and husband. Their obligations spun around those three thoughts. In any case, as time passed, conventions have changed. Most ladies have employments and barely thought about housewives. Indeed, they will keep an eye on th eir children and life partner however a significant number of them currently have lives.Instead of being of the housework being a need, the genuine work replaces it. Another gauging component would be women’s rights. Rather than the spouse saw as the principle bread creator, a few wives have ventured up to plate with a more significant pay. In those days, the male worked and the spouse remained at home, in this way the male would acquire the salary. The last contributing element to the adjustment in advanced spouse jobs is the later marriage. Individuals are wedding later prompting having youngsters at a more established age.By this point, the females would have had the opportunity to top at their occupations and stay a consistent pace when the kid is brought into the world. Not the same number of penances must be made for the kid contradict to conceiving an offspring at a more youthful age. Despite the fact that the job of spouses has made considerable progress since the mid 70’s, the general layout despite everything remains: care for the husband and kids and to keep up the house. Furthermore, however numerous modifications have been made the qualifications so as to turn into a decent spouse is still close, difficult to reach. Related article: â€Å"My Ideal Wife†

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Learn About Custom Research Papers

Learn About Custom Research PapersIf you are going to do some research papers for your degree, then you should learn about custom research papers. This type of paper is also known as an A-Z research paper and is prepared by individual writers who specialize in these types of papers. They must have completed a certain amount of work that shows their command of the subject matter.You can get custom research papers from many universities and colleges that offer courses in writing. You will need to contact them first though so that they can prepare the paper for you. Your choice of paper will depend on what you plan to study.If you are studying one subject like English literature, you can write your own words using the MLA style. You will get detailed explanations for every topic, so that you understand how the subject is taught. Some people prefer to use 'Thesaurus' or even the Oxford English Dictionary for this purpose. You could even take a course in reading materials for this kind of writing.If you are studying another subject, like history, then you will probably not need to write your own words unless you know enough to discuss what was taught in class. So if you are in school for English literature, you might want to consider getting some kind of overview of the subject matter that has been taught. That way you can discuss what you learned during the course.It is a good idea to learn about how to write a research paper before you enroll in the class. This way you will be able to know how to read and understand the material that is taught. If you have no idea where to start, you can get online help for this kind of paper.Practice makes perfect. If you are writing a custom research paper, then you should get practice by taking a class in this form of writing. Also, you can watch a film on the subject before you start writing.Before you start writing, you should have a brief outline of the topics covered. That way you will know where to start. Then you can pick the topic and begin the story from there.There are many different types of custom research papers. Try to get a feel for what is being taught. If you find out that you like the subject, you will most likely have a great time writing your paper. Once you have the basics down, you can go to the next level and think about writing an essay that is really unique.

Outcome 1 †Understand Why Effective Communication Is...

Unit 051 – Promote communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings Outcome 1 – Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting. 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate. There are many reasons why people communicate. We communicate to establish a relationship, we start using eye contact, smiles and general greetings such as ‘hello’. Having good relationships as a practitioner is essential because you are always meeting new parents, colleagues and students. Once established it is important to maintain the relationships. If you fail to maintain relationships it can lead to feelings of insecurity and it’s important not to let this happen in your setting. Another†¦show more content†¦It shows respect to other people and a lack of manners is often interpreted as a lack of respect. Manners will influence on children’s behaviour therefore practitioners will need to be good role models. Outcome 3 – Be able to overcome barriers to communication. 3.1 – Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways. Everyone is an individual but people from the same or similar backgrounds tend to communicate in the same ways. This is to do with shared culture, different experiences and family backgrounds. Therefore when communicating with people who have a similar background to you, you may assume that they will interpret what you are saying in the way you intended however you should not expect this to happen or use this as a method of course. The experiences of communication children have depend a lot on their home lives as experiences outside of the home environment and family circles at this age will be limited. Home language and culture – Different languages or forms of a language may be spoken at home, as well as accents and pronunciation differentiating between other regions in the same country. People who do not have English as a first language can take pitch and tone in many different ways as for instance they may not use rise and fall in their tone. Body language also needs to be taken into consideration as gesture and eye contact may rarely be used in some cultures. There may also beShow MoreRelatedLevel 2 Certificate For The Children And Young People Questions 11553 Words   |  7 PagesWorkforce UNIT 001 Knowledge Questions Outcome 1 1.1.1 What are the different reasons people communicate and why? People communicate so that you can tell people how you feel and what you need. You communicate to find out information. 1.1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your work Communication from my room leader and manager needs to be clear in order for me to undertake the tasks I am asked to do. Effective communication with children means actively listeningRead MoreChilcare Level 2 Unit 001 Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings Outcome 1: 1. Identify different reasons why people communicate People communicate to give information, receive information, give and receive instructions, express a need, negotiate and discuss situations and also to develop learning. | 2. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work Effective communication is the centre of the work without it the job roles will not work. EffectiveRead MoreHealth and Social Care Unit 2011403 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 201 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. Outcome 1 - Understanding ways communication is important in the work setting. 1) Identify different reasons why people communicate 2) Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work 3) Explain why it is important to observe an individuals reaction when communicating with them Outcome 2 – Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishesRead MoreUnderstanding Partnership Working in Service with Children and Young People981 Words   |  4 Pages| 013 Understand Partnership Working in Services for Children and Young People - Questions | | Task A Questions | 1 Why is it important for children and young people that you work in partnership with the following people/groups? | | (a) Parents, carers, guardians | | This is the most important partnership as Parents/carers need to feel confident with the setting and it’s staff. They will want and expect the highest level of care for their child. Nurturing a partnership with Parents/carersRead MoreUnit 051 Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings1502 Words   |  7 Pages+Unit 051 Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings Outcome 1 Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 051.1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate Communication is needed to build relationships and communicating so we can build a new relationship even by just saying hi. Then we need to maintain this old relationship each time we greet a carer when they come into the setting, by asking ‘how theyRead MoreDiploma in Health and Social Care Level 3782 Words   |  4 PagesPromote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings SHC 31 3 3 10 J/601/1434 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who work in health or social care settings or with children or young people in a wide range of settings. The unit introduces the central importance of communication in such settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individual needs and preferences in communication Learning Outcomes The learner will: 1 Understand why effective communicationRead MoreChildhood and Information896 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Understand partnerships working in services for children and young people Task 2 understands the importance of effective communication and information sharing in services for children and young people. 2.1 – Describe why clear and effective communication between partners is required: Clear and effective communication between partners is required because you have to share information about children’s learning and development, this is particularly important because when sharing informationRead MoreUnit 4222 301 Communication1735 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Unit 4222-301 Promote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings (SHC31) Outcome 1 understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 1. Communication is the most important part to understanding and being understood. It is vital for our survival and used in every day of our lives, from the moment we are born. Talking, shouting, crying, reading, writing, seeing, listening, using body language, expressions (e.g. smiling, frowning), gesturesRead MoreHealth and Social Care Unit 301 Principles of Communication in Adult Social Care Settings1685 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 301 Principles of communication in adult social care settings Assignment composition Assignment overview In this assignment, you will complete tasks to demonstrate your knowledge of the importance of effective communication in adult social care settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individual needs, wishes and preferences in communication. You will also address the principles and practices relating to confidentialityRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma Children and Young Peoples Workforce Unit 0511219 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 051 – Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young Peoples Settings. Outcome 1 - Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting. 1.1. Identify the different reasons why people communicate. The reasons for People communicating are: †¢ to express needs and wishes †¢ to share ideas and information †¢ to reassure †¢ to express feelings and/or concerns †¢ to build relationships and socialise †¢ to ask questions

The Martyrdom Of The Christian Believers - 925 Words

During the first three centuries after the martyrdom of Jesus, many of the Christian believers have suffered persecution to a great extent. Back in the days, these persecutions were meant to torment and prevent the spread of the faith but instead, it only gave rise to the wider spread of Christianity. Martyrdom strengthened Christianity through showing their people they willingly die for their belief. One of the events that greatly influenced Christianity would be the martyrdom of apostle Peter in 64 CE. After the great fire in Rome, during the emperor Nero’s reign, Peter tried to flee from the city to escape from being persecuted and so to continue his missionary journey in another time. But as he was about to step out of the city, Jesus showed himself to Peter who questioned him why he was coming back to the city and is it to be persecuted again. Entering the city of Rome, Jesus said to him yes, he was willing to be persecuted once again [Myth of Persecution. p.134-135]. Herewith, he came to an awareness that he had to defy his fears and accept his imminent death. The moment he went back into the city; he was held captive by Roman soldiers and was condemned to die due to the charges made by King Agrippa II. Instead of being in misery, he returned to Rome â€Å"rejoicing and praising the Lord† [Myth of Persecution. p.134-135]. This would mean that he had witnessed t he truth that Jesus Christ truly is the son of God. He was one of the first to show many of the believers andShow MoreRelatedThe Is A Vessel For The Soul Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesJesus fasting for forty days and other Saints following his example. This was a trait of Saints, who insisted on going through severe trials and tribulations in order to conquer their own bodies. Some Saints would even make the ultimate sacrifice of Martyrdom. Often, this was more pronounced among women who had the additional â€Å"impurities† that were not as pronounced in men. Rev Michael Geisler of St. Louis speculates that the purpose of the self-mutilation was that it helps a person overcome both psychologicalRead MorePersecution And Martyrdom Among Devotees Of Different Religions1329 Words   |  6 PagesPersecution and martyrdom among devotees of different religions worldwide has been a grave issue. This act is honored and given a prominent place such as going to heaven by some religions while in others, fanatics go as far as killing themselves in an attempt to be seen as martyrs. During the Roman Empire, religion was considered a foremost social activity that promoted loyalty and unity hence the term piety. Disappearance of piety in a society meant that loyalty and peace would perish causing harmRead MoreThe Martyrdom Of Perpetua And Felicitas911 Words   |  4 PagesGods. Christians were blamed for many of the misfortunes that happened in Rome. Due to the belief that Christians were to blame they were ostracized, tortured and even killed. Historical research shows that many of the stories about Christian martyrs are not completely true. The stories of these events that happened with Christian martyrs changed over time. The stories became embellished and exaggerated; however, there is one story of Christian Martyrs that is true. This is the Martyrdom of PerpetuaRead MoreChristianity And The First Generation Polycarp1368 Words   |  6 PagesAs christianity began its transition from the original apostles onto the second generation Polycarp became one of the most instrumental figures in the development of the religion. Despite lacking formal education, Polycarp was christian since his childhood as he was said to be personally discipled by the apostle John. He became a bishop of the church and was widely regarded as a direct and humble teacher. During his lifetime he settled many issues surrounding christianity, such as clarifying theRead MoreThe Passion Of St. Perpetua And Felicitas880 Words   |  4 Pages Perpetu a’s martyrdom. During the period of time in which St. Perpetua was victimized in order to oppress her faith, medieval vita’s were of great use to coax people to follow Christianity. This first hand account of her own persecution follows Perpetua’s story from the time of her arrest, right up to her death. St. Perpetua herself used biblical symbols, and paradoxical phrases to set the tone of her account, to illustrate the righteousness of her martyrdom to her fellow Christians, and to proveRead MoreThe Smyrna Church, Ad 100-300 Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pageshe had little formal education and evidenced his humility and straightforwardness. He is also famous for combating Gnostic philosophy that had crept into the church and for converting many Gnostics to Christianity. Polycarp is most famous for his martyrdom; he was burned at the stake in Smyrna about AD 156 at age eighty-six. An Analysis of Polycarp’s Contribution to Christianity Polycarp contributed to Christianity by his confrontation of the Gnostic Marcion and his witnessing to other Gnostics, hisRead MoreRelationship Between The Church And The State1709 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience and the political justifications of Archbishop’s murder or death. Martyrdom is the act of dying for one’s religious beliefs. Members of the Christian community during periods of persecution, willingly embrace death in the hands of their persecutors as a sign of surrendering to God’s will. The argument is that God has chosen them to be instruments of service in His Kingdom. In the play, Eliot uses the theme of martyrdom to demonstrate or reveal the spiritual and political transformation thatRead MoreChristianity : The Early Church And The Dawn Of The Reformation1203 Words   |  5 Pages Since its inception, various leaders have contributed to the overall development of the Christian Church, thereby effecting change and defining the trajectory of the Church as it stands today. In The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation, Justo Gonzà ¡lez points to two apostles—Peter and Paul, or Saul—as exemplars of such leadership, and the evidence suggests that both of these men had a considerable inf luence on the evolution of the Church. Concerning credentialsRead MoreLiberty University Sample Book Review Chhi 520 Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesHow Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity By Thomas C. Oden Downers Grove, Ill: Intervarsity Press, 2008, 204 pp, $ 19.00 hardcover. Thomas Oden, an accomplished scholar in systematic and historical theology, and retired professor at Drew University, has offered a compelling and positively provocative work in How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind. A work of scholarly repentance, he ably repudiates the posture of western theologians and historiansRead More`` Pax Romana `` A Time Of The Great Civilizations Of Our Past1226 Words   |  5 PagesRoman Empire was at a time of spiritual bankruptcy. The Martyrdom of the Christians were treated as a game for the people. The people were thrown into arenas to be killed for wild beasts while people watch and cheered. The people did not care who was thrown into to be murdered as long as they got t watch their sport. Young men, seniors, young women, nursing mothers, kids, anyone was fair game to be murdered for their beliefs. Yet the Christians who went into these deadly events held no fear. We learn

Mrs. Dalloway By William Woolf - 798 Words

Virginia Woolf opens her novel with a statement in reported speech: â€Å"Mrs Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself† (3). Clarissa then makes a list of reasons behind this decision, concluding it with a surge of elation at the day ahead of her: â€Å"And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a morning – fresh as if issued to children on a beach† (3). This unspoken exclamation announces her engaging stroll through the streets of London. Flowers are, of course, a mere excuse to enjoy the sunlit morning: as a wife of a MP, she has a number of servants to take care of the party preparations. Yet, Anna, on the other hand, is a typical â€Å"negative falneuse†, as Rachel Bowlby describes Rhys’s heroines (53), because she refuses to interact with the city. Her experience of London is isolating in that she is constantly absentminded, despising the cold rainy weather and thinking about her childhood in the sunbathed island of Dominica. Anna walks e ither with a clear purpose, when she is going somewhere, e.g. to meet Walter, or simply to kill time and turn her thoughts away from the lingering uncertainty of the situation in which she found herself in London: â€Å"There wasn’t anything much to do all day. I would get up late and then go out for a walk and then go back home and have something to eat and watch out of the window for a telegraph-boy or a messenger† (Rhys 34). While in Mrs Dalloway Clarissa’s stroll is described in minute detail, stretching, with minor interruptions, overShow MoreRelatedWilliam Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1730 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters, author, and reader the reference point of a shared experience upon which to build a literary work. In the case of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, this uniting experience was the Great War. The remnants of this conflict can be seen throughout the novel in the lives and experiences of its characters. The integral nature of tragedy in Mrs . Dalloway means that future reimaginings and reframings must also include a uniting tragic event as a means by which to create parallels and show commonalitiesRead MoreMrs. Dalloway By William Woolf1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway, Peter Walsh serves as the focalizer for a good portion of the novel. It is through his eyes that we see Woolf’s critiques of the British middle class notions of propriety, success, and proper gender roles. Peter Walsh’s thoughts and observations of Clarissa Dalloway, Sally Seton and Richard Dalloway are all used to justify Woolf’s critics on societies pressures that cause people to become dependent on others to validate their place in society, lose who theyRead MoreStream of Consciousness in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway1354 Words   |  5 Pagesin Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway. â€Å"These novels may very well be within a category we can label stream of consciousness, so long as we know what we are talking about. The evidence reveals that we never do – or never have done so.† (5). (Humphrey, 1954). This quote from Robert Humphrey, author of Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel, is about the use of the writing technique, stream of consciousness, in novels such as James Joyce’s Ulysses and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway; he highlights thatRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an â€Å"ordinary† or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ‘chapters’ in order to give an â€Å"ordinary† portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper And Mrs. Dalloway1220 Words   |  5 PagesIn Mrs. Dalloway, Septimus, a supporting characte r struggles with a mental illness that is most likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Similarly, in The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator also struggles with a mental illness which could be related to postpartum depression. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of The Yellow Wallpaper struggled with depression and Virginia Woolf, author of Mrs. Dalloway, suffered childhood trauma and was bipolar (McMan). Both story’s views on mental illness are most likelyRead MoreVirginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway And Morrison s Song Of Solomon1119 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia Woolf and Toni Morrison both depict the fallout from traumatic historical events as a longstanding affair, often lasting generations and affecting those who are not even be directly involved in the trauma. Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Morrison’s Song of Solomon do a marvelous job of portraying the macrocosm of traumatic historical events (World War I for Woolf, racist violence and slavery for Morrison), but more impo rtantly they beautifully render the microcosm of how people suffer as a resultRead MoreDepression In Mrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway,† Virginia Woolf highlights different experiences of everyday suffering after World War I. Septimus Smith, a veteran of World War I, loses his identity during his tour. Clarissa Dalloway and Lucrezia Warren Smith are both suffering as a result of society’s expectations; they both lose their individuality and succumb to their husbands. Many people did not know how to cope with the change of perspective after the war; some people tried different forms of treatment, while others choseRead MoreAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range ofRead MoreThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"For most of history, Anonymous was a woman,† Virginia Woolf once boldly stated. Though she was from a privileged background and was well educated, Woolf still felt she was faced with the oppression that women have been treated with for as far as history goes back. Her education allowed her to explore the works of the most celebrated authors, but one who she had a long and complicated relationship with was the Bard of Avon himself, William Shakespeare. As one of the most highly regarded and wellRead MoreMrs. Dalloway By Virginia Woolf1443 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf examines the lives of a group of socialites in post World War I England. Clarissa Dalloway spent her life suffering from anxiety but was devoted to hiding it from the world. Septimus struggled with shell shock, or post-traumatic stress disorder, that no one could help him with. These people were not only characters in Virginia Woolf’s story, but also a representation of what had been going on in Woolf’s life. She used her own struggle with mental illness as inspiration

Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Investment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Investment. Answer: Introduction Fiscal policies are government direct policies which involves either an increase or decrease in either the government spending or taxes. The monetary policy is the influence of the economy done by the government through the RBA; it involves either an increase or decrease in either money supply or the cash rate. In this case, the reduction in the government expenditure is a contractionary fiscal policy. Since this is negatively impacting the investors confidence and the government need to reduce its budget deficit, it employs a policy mix. This is where both fiscal and monetary policies are employed simultaneously. The monetary policy used is expansionary; the negative impacts of the contractionary fiscal policy are neutralized by the positive impacts of expansionary monetary policy. The major concern depicted on this paper is how the policies influence the Australian investment level. The investment level is expected to rise and impact the real GDP and the price level; this will also be discussed. Various models will be used in ensuring that the discussions are self-explanatory. There will be an increase in the Australian investment level when the interest rate falls. This is because interest rate is an important determiner of the availability of capital that is demanded for investment; it is actually the cost of obtaining capital (Ivan, 2017). A lower interest rate means that investors will pay a small extra charge on the use of money (Pettinger, 2016). This low servicing costs makes it attractive for the investors to seek loans that are used for starting new businesses and also for expanding the existing businesses. Duff (2017) noted that business watch business cycles and only consider expansions when interest rates are lower because they consider it cheaper to do so than when interest rate is higher. When the cost on acquiring capital is very high, investors are very cautious in its spending; they are not ready to risk the money on investments that are deemed to be risky. This explains why there is low investment rate in any economy whenever the interest rate is high. The other important factor that explains the changes in the investment rate from a lower interest charge is the saving rate. During a period of high interest rate, the income received from the savings is very high and thus households and investors prefer saving to investments (Fry, 2016). Investment and saving has a negative relationship; an increase in any results in a decrease on the other one. During a period of low interest rate, the income received from savings is too little to induce the households to save. In this case, they prefer investment to savings and thus the investment level goes up. According to Johnston (2017), businesses spend their money on plant expansion and buying of new equipment when the interest rate is low because there is less benefit from investing in interest-bearing accounts. Impact of Rising Investment on Aggregate Demand Curve, Price and Real GDP According to Sexton (2015), the aggregate demand curve is determined by summing up; consumption, investment spending, government spending and net exports (exports minus imports). AD = C + I + G + (X M). Whenever there is a change in any of these components, the aggregate demand curve is made to shift either to the left or right. The relationship between the economys aggregate demand and its real GDP is illustrated by using the Keynesian cross model. This model elaborates clearly how the demand curve shifts. The price level is determined by the aggregate demand level; a higher aggregate demand results in price rising whereas a low aggregate demand results in low prices The demand curve before the cut in the interest rate is AD1, the real GDP level initially was Y1 and the economy was at point A. The arrows shows the direction of change that occurs in this model. The cut will result in an increase in the investment component of the demand equation; the Aggregate demand curve rises and the initial demand AD1 shifts to a new Aggregate demand curve AD2; this is a move to the right where Aggregate demand is greater than the real GDP (Be?nassy, 2011). The graph also shows the changes is real GDP after the shift. The new equilibrium point B is associated with a higher level of real GDP; Real GDP rises from Y1 to Y2 (Mceachern, 2011). Generally, an increased level of aggregate demand results in a rise in the price level. Conclusion Investment level influence many macroeconomic indicators and thus should be maintained at a higher level. Government spending is also essential in maintaining investors confidence. A cut in government spending results in a loss on investors confidence. The improvement of government deficit requires a multiple of policies to facilitate the same; this is why most economies are being faced with the issue of increasing governments deficit. Low interest rate stimulates the economy by enabling the investors to access cheap capital which is used in boosting the investment level. When the level of investment rises, the aggregate demand also rises. The increase in investment creates many jobs, more people are employed and consumer spending rises. An increase in Aggregate demand results in an increased level of real GDP. Other than real GDP, there is also an increase in the price level. References Be?nassy, J. (2011). Macroeconomic theory. New York: Oxford University Press. Duff, V. (2017). How Do Interest Rates Affect Businesses? [Online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/interest-rates-affect-businesses-67152.html [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017]. Fry, R. (2016). Low Interest Rates are Hurting Growth. [Online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/10/04/low-interest-rates-are-hurting-growth/#44adb12db605 [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017]. Ivan, I. (2017). Do lower interest rates increase investment spending? [Online] Investopedia.com. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/101315/do-lower-interest-rates-increase-investment-spending.asp [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017]. Johnston, K. (2017). The Effect of Interest Rates on Business. [Online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effect-interest-rates-business-69947.html [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017]. Mceachern, A. (2011). Macroeconomics. Mason, Ohio, South-Western. Pettinger, T. (2016). Effect of lower interest rates. [Online] Economicshelp.org. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/3417/interest-rates/effect-of-lower-interest-rates/ [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017]. Sexton, R. (2015). Exploring Macroeconomics. 7th ed. Australia: Cengage Learning.

Nuremberg Trials Essays (782 words) - International Criminal Law

Nuremberg Trials After World War II, numerous war-crimes trials tried and convicted many Axis leaders. Judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders for: crimes against humanity (mostly about the Holocaust), violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war. This was known as the "Nuremberg Trials." Late in 1946, the German defendants were indicted and arraigned before a war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg. Twenty of the defendants were physicians who, as governmental, military, or SS officials, stood at or near the top of the medical hierarchy of the Third Reich. The other three occupied administrative positions which brought them into close connection with medical affairs. It all started when people started hearing about the Nazi's in human acts, just about four months after World War II started. No one would believe that such a thing would happen. While the people were thinking like that the Jews were being shipped out of the country. Some of them were put in working camps or at a person's farm. This was the beginning of the Final Solution of the German's Problem (the Holocaust). On August 8 the Four Power nation signed the London Agreement. They later named it the International Military Tribunal (IMT), it had 8 judges, one judge and one alternate. This was made so that they would try to stop the Nazi crimes (Rice Jr. 81). They had supplementary Nuremberg hearings that were broken down into twelve trials. In connection with these trials, the U.S. military tribunals had thirty-five defendants and released nineteen of them because they could find anything to get them on (Rice Jr. 76). They made Nuremberg Laws because of Hitler's concentration camps and his other inhuman acts (Rice Jr. 31). He didn't go by the lead system, he made himself the Supreme Judge. Hitler could imprison or execute anyone he wanted to. He made laws keeping Jews out of certain public places or jobs. He wouldn't let Jews have German citizenship. The Nuremberg Laws stated that there would be no more inhuman acts or segregation of Jews. One of the positive sides of the Nuremberg incident was the trials documented Nazi crimes for posterity. Many citizens of the world remember hearing about the Nazi's brutalities and inhuman acts (Rice Jr., 5). Hundreds of official Nazi documents entered into evidence at Nuremberg tell the horrible tale of the Third Reich in the Nazi's own words. Six million Jews, and others not liked by the Nazis were killed. Not one convicted Nazi denied that the mass killing had occurred. Each disclaimed only personal knowledge and responsibility. The negative things that happened at Nuremberg were the establishment of the I.M.T. has yet to lead to a permanent counterpart before which crimes against humanity can be tried. Twenty-four wars between nations and ninety-three civil wars or insurgencies between 1945 and 1992, no international body had been convened to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes. To prosecute and punish aggression rest still on the wavering will of an international community ever reluctant to impose sanctions on offending governments (Rice Jr. 100). Despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road to aggression, hope yes abides for the best of Nuremberg's brightest promise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war (Rice Jr., 97). Yet never in history had the vanquished perpetrated crimes of such inhumanity. The I.M.T., like the courts in many countries, have held to the principle that persons committing a criminal violation of international law are responsible for violation, on the grounds that crimes of this nature are the result of their own acts (Rice 1492). The tribunal thought for crimes carried out on orders from above, since many of the crimes had been committed in one with the Reich policy (Rice 1493). The portion of the I.M.T. judgment dealing with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the defendants in the trial and by the criminal organizations concerns, in large measure, the persecution and murder of the Jewish people. In its analysis of these crimes, the I.M.T. found it appropriate to single out the persecution of the Jews as a manifestation of consistent and systematic in humanity on a huge scale (Rice 1493). The testimony

Serial Killer Couple Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo

Serial Killer Couple Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo Karla Homolka, one of Canadas most infamous female serial killers, was released from prison after serving a 12-year sentence for her involvement in drugging, raping, torturing, and killing young girls. The teenage victims included Homolkas younger sister, whom she offered to her boyfriend Paul Bernardo  as a gift.   Homolka was born May 4, 1970, to Dorothy and Karel Homolka in Port Credit, Ontario. She was the eldest child of three, and by all accounts, was well-adjusted, pretty, smart, and popular. She received ample love and attention from friends and family. Homolka developed a passion for animals, and after high school she started work at a veterinary clinic. Everything about her seemed normal. No one suspected her of hiding deeply disturbing desires. Homolka and Bernardo Meet At age 17, Homolka attended a pet convention in Toronto, where she met 23-year-old Paul Bernardo, an  attractive, charismatic blond with a persuasive personality. The pair engaged in sexual relations the day they met and soon discovered that they shared sadomasochistic inclinations. Paul quickly took on the role of master and Homolka willingly became his slave. Over the next few years, the relationship intensified. The couple shared and encouraged one anothers psychotic behavior. Bernardo began raping women with Homolkas approval. Bernardos specialty was attacking women getting off buses, sexually assaulting them, and subjecting them to other  humiliations. The police and media dubbed him The Scarborough Rapist, after the Ontario town in which many of the sexual assaults were committed. A Surrogate Virgin One source of friction between the couple was Bernardos incessant complaint that Homolka had not been a virgin when they met. Homolka was aware of Bernardos attraction to her sexually inexperienced 15-year-old sister Tammy. Homolka and Bernardo came up with a plan to force Tammy into being a surrogate virgin for her older sister. To accomplish the plot, Homolka stole Halothane, an anesthetic, from the veterinary clinic where she worked. On December  23, 1990, at a Christmas party at the Homolka family home, Bernardo and Homolka served Tammy alcoholic drinks spiked with halcyon. After the other family members had retired, the couple brought Tammy to the basement, where Homolka held a cloth soaked in Halothane over Tammys mouth. Once Tammy was unconscious, the couple raped her. During the attack, Tammy began choking on her own vomit and ultimately died. Unfortunately, the drugs in Tammys system went undetected and her death was ruled an accident. Another Present for Bernardo After Homolka and Bernardo moved in together, Bernardo began blaming Homolka for her sisters death, complaining that Tammy was no longer around for him to enjoy sexually. Homolka decided a young, pretty, virginal teenager named Jane, who idolized the attractive, older Homolka, would make a good replacement. Homolka invited the unsuspecting teen out to dinner and, as shed done with Tammy, spiked the girls drinks. After inviting Jane to their home, Homolka administered Halothane and presented her to Bernardo. The couple brutally attacked the unconscious teen, videotaping the sexual assaults. The next day when the teenager awoke, she was sick and sore but had no idea of the violation she had endured. Unlike others, Jane managed to survive her ordeal with the couple. Leslie Mahaffy Bernardos thirst to share his rapes with Homolka increased. On June 15, 1991, Bernardo kidnapped Leslie Mahaffy and brought her to their home. Bernardo and Homolka repeatedly raped Mahaffy over a period of several days, videotaping many of the brutal assaults. They eventually murdered Mahaffy, cut her body into pieces, encased the pieces in cement, and threw them into a lake. On June 29, some of Mahaffys remains were found by a couple who were canoeing on the lake. The Bernardo-Homolka Wedding June 29, 1991, was also the day Bernardo and Homolka married one another in an elaborate wedding at a Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, church. Bernardo orchestrated the wedding plans, which included the couple riding in a white horse-drawn carriage, and Homolka dressed in an elaborate and very expensive white gown. The guests were served a lavish sit-down meal after the couple exchanged vows, which included, at Bernardos insistence, Homolka promising to love, honor, and obey her new husband. Kristen French On April 16, 1992, the couple kidnapped 15-year-old Kristen French from a church parking lot after Homolka lured her to their car on the pretext of needing directions. The couple took French to their home, and for several days, they videotaped as they humiliated, tortured, and sexually abused the teen. French fought to survive but just before the couple left for Easter Sunday dinner with Homolkas family, they murdered her. Frenchs body was found in a ditch in Burlington, Ontario, on April 30. Closing in on the Scarborough Rapist In January 1993, Homolka separated from Bernardo after months of constant physical abuse. His attacks became increasingly violent, resulting in Homolka being hospitalized. Homolka moved in with a friend of her sister, who was a police officer. Evidence against  the Scarborough Rapist was building. Witnesses had come forward and a composite drawing of the suspect was released. A work associate of Bernardo contacted the police, reporting that Bernardo matched the sketch. Police interviewed Bernardo and obtained a saliva swab, which eventually proved Bernardo to be the Scarborough Rapist. The Ontario Green Ribbon Murder Task Force closed in on Bernardo and Homolka. Homolka  was fingerprinted and questioned. The detectives were interested in a Mickey Mouse watch Homolka had that resembled the one  French was wearing  the night she disappeared. During questioning, Homolka learned that Bernardo had been identified as the Scarborough Rapist. Realizing they were about to be caught, Homolka confessed to her uncle that Bernardo was a serial rapist and murderer. She obtained a lawyer and began negotiations for a plea bargain in exchange for her testimony against Bernardo. In mid-February, Bernardo was arrested and charged with the rapes and the murders of Mahaffy and French. During a search of the couples home, police discovered Bernardos diary, with written descriptions of each crime. Controversial Plea Bargain A plea bargain was discussed that would offer Homolka a 12-year sentence for her participation in the crimes in exchange for her testimony against Bernardo. According to the deal, Homolka would be eligible for parole after serving three years with good behavior. Homolka agreed to all terms and the deal was set. Later, after all the evidence was in, the plea bargain  was referred to as one of the worst in Canadian history. Homolka  had portrayed herself as an abused wife forced into participating in Bernardos crimes but when videotapes that Homolka and Bernardo had made were given to police by Bernardos ex-lawyer, Homolkas true involvement came to light. Regardless of her apparent guilt, the deal was honored, and Homolka could not be retried for her crimes. Paul Bernardo was convicted on all counts of rape and murder and received a life sentence on September 1, 1995. Rumors that Homolkas punishment was too lenient surfaced after pictures of her sunbathing and partying with other prisoners were published in Canadian newspapers. Tabloids reported that she was in a lesbian relationship with Lynda Verrouneau, a convicted bank robber. The National Parole Board denied Homolkas application for parole. Homolkas Release On July 4, 2005, Karla Homolka was released from prison in Ste-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec. Strict conditions for her release limited her movements and whom she could contact. Contact with Bernardo and the families of several murdered teens was expressly forbidden. She is paralyzed with fear, completely panicked, said Christian Lachance,  one of Homolkas attorneys. When I saw her she was in a state of terror, almost in a trance. She cannot conceive of what her life will be like outside. Sources McCrary, Gregg O and Katherine Ramsland. The Unknown Darkness: Profiling the Predators Among Us. 2003.Burnside, Scott and Alan Cairns. Deadly Innocence. 1995.Transcript of Homolka interview. The Globe and Mail, 4 July 2005.

Administrative ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Administrative ethics - Essay Example Administrative Ethics The issues of protection of rights of patients pertinent to ensuring privacy and confidentiality have continued to pervade various health care institutions globally. In the United States, the â€Å"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) addresses patient confidentiality and protects patients and their medical records, including current and past medical treatment and past medical records, in addition to billing records† (Finkelstein, 2007, 3). In this regard, after finding an issue pertinent to patient confidentiality, the essay aims to achieve the following objectives, to wit: (1) to describe the issue and its impact on the population it affects most, (2) to determine the arguments or facts used in the article to support the proposed solution, (3) to identify the ethical and legal issues reported for the administrative issue, (4) to explain the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues, and if none were stat ed, to state what should have been done, and finally, (5) to identify any proposed solutions. ... The nurse approached the patient in the perioperative waiting area before the surgery and asked what procedure she was undergoing† (1). As a consequence, the nurse’s action dealt with the utmost penalty of firing her from employment because of breach of confidentiality. The decision precludes other nurses and health care practitioners from repeating the same offense. The gravity of the issue was addressed by severing the employment from the health care institution to show other health care practitioners that there is no compromise to the issue. The issue’s impact on health care practitioners focused on giving primary importance and utmost care in adhering to the laws and regulations prescribed by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), specifically on the protection of patient privacy rights. Arguments Supporting the Solution As revealed by Mehnke (2010), there were standard operating procedures followed by the nurse’s superiors upon pr esentation of the issue for evaluation. As mentioned, â€Å"the nurse’s manager contacted human resources, the nursing administrator, and the legal department for advice and guidance on the best way to investigate the issue. The manager met with the nurse involved to discuss the confidentiality breach† (1). Legal and ethical issues were addressed with proper decorum and observance of protocols. Only after the proper channels were advised would a full investigation of the case be implemented. Preliminary actions institute corrective measures to the nurse for infractions committed. As averred by Mehnke (2010), â€Å"after careful consideration and in accordance with the corrective action policy, the nurse was

Chapters question 6 for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Essay

Chapters question 6 for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Behavioral Theory in Public Health book Mark Edberg. b - Essay Example For instance, if a health organization wishes to communicate to the youth about the dangers of smoking the right media to encode the message is through social media via the internet. Community mobilization effort fosters to ensure the community at large is aware of any health conditions that may not have been accepted by the community. Community mobilization effort tries to create awareness about a certain condition that may be affecting the community (Edberg 70). For instance, public health organizations may wish to address the problem of HIV/AIDS stigmatization to the community. Some societies and culture still do not talk about the disease ad they isolate those infected, therefore to curb the problem healthcare professionals can use lobby groups through community mobilization efforts to ensure the community becomes aware of the disease and its implications. Organizational culture refers to the style in which an organization uses to carry out its daily activities. Different organizations have different ways of handling their activities. For instance, in a health organization setting organizations handle patients and diseases differently. Therefore, due to technological advancement health organizations are required to embrace changes and incorporate them in their daily activities (Edberg 71). Organizational culture also affects the health behavior of an organization. For instance, an organization may find it difficult to relate with an immigrant who is not a native speaker. Therefore, the organizational culture should be incorporated to handle all problems even language barrier problems. HIV/AIDS pandemic affects mostly the poor people living in urban areas. Therefore, through political economic approach the problem can be addressed to reduce the impact of the disease to the affected people. The government can provide affordable loans to women who can engage themselves in

Marine Pollution Essay Example for Free

Marine Pollution Essay From our early years in school, our science teachers have taught us that two thirds or roughly 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by water. And yet it is probably the most neglected element in the environment. The oceans are home to a diverse number of wildlife and an important source of food for most of the inhabitants of the earth, including humans. From this fact alone, the importance of the ocean can’t be more emphasized. Besides being a source of food, the ocean also provides us with various medicines through the abundance of life that it produces. Around 500 types of sea species have potentially cancer curing chemicals (WWF fact sheet, n. d). Marine Pollution In layman’s terms, marine pollution is simply the destruction of the quality of water through contamination, but in scientific terms, marine pollution is the â€Å"distortion of marine environment health† (Sinha, 1998). Anything that we dump to a body of water that is not supposed to be there is marine pollution. The question whether the act of dumping is intentional or not is irrelevant because the intention does not reduce the damage done to the body of water. It has been once thought that the ocean is so vast that it would be able to dilute all the wastes that are put in it. Of course we know now that this is not true. We have polluted the oceans so much, and in a lot of different ways, that we are now feeling the effects of our neglect. We have to stop marine pollution now if we, and the generations after us are to enjoy our world’s number one resource. Sources of Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Solutions Oil Pollution – according to the National Research Council, the oceans suffer more than it seems in the news. Occasionally, major oil spills reach our television screens but so much more is dumped into the ocean every year and they are not even because of accidents (NRC, 1985). Major oil spills are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to oil polluting the ocean. Oil spills are just more visual, because they are televised most (or some) of the time, but oil spills from ships or platforms are just some of the reasons on how oil can be dumped into the ocean. The following graph shows that major oil spills is second to the least source of the total oil that reaches the oceans. Source: Ocean Planet. Oil Pollution. The part that shows the most contribution to oil pollution is known as the run-off effect. It is the combination of all the oil that is spilled in land that seeps through the soil and find its way to the ocean. Run-off pollution is very harmful to the environment and our health. Not only does it damage the oceans but it also damages the smaller bodies of water that the oil used to reach the ocean. The oil can disrupt marine life, and ultimately destroy it (MarineBio, n. d. ) Lots of marine animals are killed due to oil spills because they come in direct contact with the oil, hindering their movement, and therefore their chances of survival, not to mention that the oil is toxic. Despite the decreasing popularity of oil, it would be always there as long as humans can extract them from the earth, so we can’t stop collecting them. What we can do, is to pass laws that would make present laws on the oil production business stricter, and therefore safer. But as mentioned, direct oil spills on the ocean are the least of our worries. We must properly dispose the oils that we use in land because it contributes the most in mixing that oil with our waters. Toxic Chemicals – oil is just one of the pollutants that contribute to the destruction of marine environmental health. There are a number of toxic chemicals out there that are spilled in to the ocean. These chemicals don’t just contaminate the water, the creatures of the sea are also contaminated and create a domino effect on all those that belong to its food chain. We should be concerned about these toxic chemicals because we are part of that food chain (assuming that most people eat fish). â€Å"†¦many pollutants accumulate in marine organisms, humans are exposed to pollutants when they consume food from polluted areas. † Some studies have shown that humans that eat a lot of seafood are prone to chemicals such as dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and a number of heavy metals (Dewailly et al. 1999). Like oil, toxic chemicals also find their way to the ocean due to the run-off effect, although sometimes accidents at sea can cause direct spillage of toxic chemicals into the ocean. These are chemicals being transported by ships and somehow, by whatever reason, end up where it should not be. These chemicals destroy the environment much like how oil does, the only difference is some toxic chemicals are invisible. Seemingly harmless seafood products can be contaminated by these chemicals and be transmitted to our body if we consume them. One of these toxic chemicals is a marine antifouling paint ingredient called tributylin. Trubutylin is known to have some bad effects on gastropods and molluscs (Matthiessen and Law 2002). Perhaps the best way reduce chemical spills is to minimize our use of these toxic chemicals. They are toxic anyway ,so we might as well not use them. Use of alternative products in place of these chemicals might be possible, safer, and more environment friendly products. Anything that is harmful to the environment should be phased out or at least be used in moderation. The effects of these chemicals to the environment and our health are far too great for us to continue to use them. Other Pollutants – apart from oil and toxic chemicals, there are other toxins that add up to marine pollution. Some of these are sewage, plastic, and dredged materials. Most sewage still find their way to the ocean, sewage contain nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus is what some toxic algae thrives on. These toxic algae consume the oxygen of an affected area making it a dead zone. One incident happened just a few years ago and is mentioned in the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Fact sheet for marine pollution: A few years ago a massive slick of poisonous algae spread through the channels, which separate the coasts of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The slime affected 200km of coastline, killed millions of fish and forced tourist beaches to close (WWF, n. d). Plastic is the most common trash found on the ocean. They are non-biodegradable materials, they take an eternity of years to be broken down by nature. While at their current un-broken state, plastics can be mistaken by marine creatures for food which is most of the time lethal to them. If animals aren’t killed by eating them mistakenly, they are caught by it, strangling them until they drown, or reduce their capacity to move, making them prone to attack from predators. Finally, dredged materials are things that are removed because of construction purposes. Dredged materials may contain harmful chemicals that are dumped into the ocean and cause sediments to form on coral reefs (WWF n. d) Conclusion These are just some of the reasons why we should stop polluting our oceans and our environment in general. Our oceans surround us, any ill effects that it experience would surely be felt by the inhabitants of the earth. The effects that are caused by marine pollution can be so devastating that it can alter our way of life as we know it. Food supplies, possible medicines, and the overall health of the planet is based on the health of the oceans. We must do everything we can in order to preserve it, for our own, and our children’s sake. Reference World Wildlife Foundation. (n. d). Fact Sheet no. 30: Marine Pollution. November 7, 2008. from: http://www. wwf. org. hk/eng/pdf/references/factsheets/factsheet30. PDF Sinha, P. C. (1998). Marine Polution. November 7, 2008. from: http://books. google. com. ph/books? id=XcWGR-w4-HkCpg=PA19lpg=PA19dq=Marine+Pollution+Argumentssource=blots=fnpHZgsWKIsig=WiDQH-ietk7MZPJviDXhjEC6tkchl=tlsa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=2ct=result#PPP1,M1 – National Research Council. 1985. Oil in the sea. National Academy Press, Washington D. C. November 7, 2008. from: http://seawifs. gsfc. nasa.gov/ocean_planet_scripts/footnote. pl? per1+1 Marine Bio. org (n. d). Ocean Dumping Grounds. November 7, 2008. From: http://marinebio. org/Oceans/OceanDumping. asp Dewailly E, Mulvad G, Pedersen HS, Ayotte P. , Demers A, Weber JP, et al. 1999. from Concentration of organochlorines in human brain, liver, and adipose tissue autopsy samples Greenland. Environment Health Perspective 107:823-828. Matthiessen P, Law RJ. 2002. Contaminants and their effects on estuarine and coastal organisms in the United Kingdom in the late twentieth century. Environment Pollution 120:739-747.

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, along with severe impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and cognitive development (1,2,3). If the brain is responsible for behavior then it should follow that disordered autistic behaviors should be explainable in terms of brain abnormalities and disordered neurobiological processes. While findings are generally speculative and the etiology of the disorder remains somewhat of an enigma, there is significant evidence that autism is associated with neurobiological dysfunction. Autistic individuals are often highly socially withdrawn to the extent that they may appear to live in a world of their own. Infants typically fail to develop normal attachments to parents or caregivers. They may seem indifferent to other's gestures of affection towards them, and may even resist being held or otherwise engaged in physical or emotional interaction. They tend to make little or no use of eye contact, smiling, facial expressions, gestures, and other signals of social intent. They continue to manifest many of the same social impairments throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. For example, they typically fail to develop normal peer relationships and they generally demonstrate an impairment in social-emotional reciprocity. Normal displays of emotion or empathy are uncommon: they do not generally offer comfort to others, nor do they seek others for comfort in their own times of distress. Similarly, they lack the ability to share in the enjoyment of other's pleasure and they resist sharing their own enjoyment with others. Res... ...m/p00.html#A 7)Autism and the Limbic System http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 8)Brain Lesions Linked to Autism http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 9)Researchers Identify Brain Abnormalities in Autistic Children http://www2.ari.net/rjohnson/articles/AUTISM.1.ANR.html 10)Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Autism http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/psychiatry/CPS/41.html 11)Progress in the Neurobiology of Autism http://www.cme-reviews.com/CNS398_rapin.html 12)Secretin: A Treatment for Autism? (Autism Biomedical Information Network) http://www.autism-biomed.org/secretin.htm 13)Secretin Information (Autism Research Institute) http://www.autismwebsite.com/ari/secretin2.html 14)The Use of Secretin to Treat Autism (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) http://www.nih.gov/redirect/nichd-redirect.html

Cadbury Company Essay

Introduction Dairy Milk is a brand of milk chocolate currently manufactured by Cadbury. It was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1905 and now consists of a number of different products. Every product in the Dairy Milk line is made exclusively with milk chocolate. Cadbury’s Daily Milk has a range of different flavours, all equally famous around the world. This case study relates to the topic of advertising which we studied in class. Cadbury is not only famous for the quality of their product, but also for their advertising. Since 2007, the date of birth of ‘a glass and a half full production’, which is Cadbury’s own internal production company, we talk a lot about the chocolate brand because of their advertising campaign. The aim of this new approach to advertising from Cadbury’s is not to focus on the chocolate but on the joy and enjoyment, you associate with eating a chocolate bar. The three most famous campaigns to date are ‘Gorilla’s’ in 2007, ‘Airport trucks’ in 2008, and ‘Eyebrows’ in 2009. All of these advertising campaigns are set in a fun environment with enjoyable music to try to capture people’s attention, excite them and make them feel happy. In this report, we will at first, evaluate the objectives and advertising platform of these three ads. We will then explain the advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising. We will explore the role of viral advertising in these sort of advertising campaigns, before concluding by highlighting just what made these Cadbury’s ad’s so memorable. Q1. View all three Cadbury Dairy Milk advertisements on YouTube. Describe and evaluate the advertising platform and the advertising objectives of these three ads. How are all three related? In 2007, Cadburys launched its first advertising campaign from the newly established ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’. The 90 second advertisement entitled â€Å"Gorilla† was premiered during the season finale of Big Brother 2007, with the Phil Collins song â€Å"In the Air Tonight† playing in the background with a Gorilla playing the drums to the beat of the song. Big Brother would have generated a massive audience and Cadbury planned it perfectly to first launch the ‘Gorilla’ ad doing the breaks in the Big Brother finale. The campaign itself  has made appearances on bi llboards, print newspapers and magazines, television and cinema spots, event sponsorships and an internet presence which just shows how successful it was. Keen to build on the success of the â€Å"Gorilla† advertisement, ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ released their second production on 29th March 2008. This advertisement tells the story of the first ever airport truck race in history, seeing vehicles of all shapes and sizes take to an empty runway for the race of their lives. Each one of the trucks was ‘pimped’ to show its unique character. With everything from go faster stripes to customised wheel trims, the trucks lined up on the starting line under a purple sky at dusk and raced to the music of Queen’s â€Å"Don’t Stop Me Now†. This ad wasn’t as successful as the ‘Gorilla’ or ‘Eyebrows’ ad. In January 2009, Cadbury introduced a new ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ TV advertisement, entitled â€Å"Eyebrows†, which became the 3rd video produced by the production company. The 60 second advertisement brought to life the story of a brother’s and sister’s moment of madness when backs are turned and they are left to their own devices. The advert opens with two siblings sitting in a traditional photographer’s studio, waiting to have their portrait taken. When the photographer was called away by a ringing phone the children launched into a choreographed eyebrow dance. The children produced a range of eyebrow dance moves to the sound of â€Å"Don’t Stop the Rock† by electro-funk superstar, Freestyle. Cadburys main objectives with these three ads were to deliver greater brand love and involvement while keeping the core consumers engaged and to also attract the younger audience to help build the brands profile. They achieved these objectives by creating enjoyable and memorable ads which for example lead to people trying to copy the ‘Eyebrows’ ad and posting their videos on YouTube. Since 2007 Cadbury have adopted a new advertising approach which many view as critical to both the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand and the company. Cadbury decided not to focus on the chocolate in their advertisements, but instead to focus on entertaining the public. This led to the creation of the three memorable advertisements outlined above, â€Å"Gorilla†, â€Å"Airport Trucks† and â€Å"Eyebrows†. All these advertisements incorporated the Cadbury trademark colour purple into the ads and displayed the Cadbury Dairy Milk logo and slogan ‘A Glass and a Half Full of Joyà ¢â‚¬â„¢. All the ads embraced the popularity of viral advertising and used this very much to their advantage and were a  huge hit on YouTube and on social networking sites. They became a firm favourite among the online community. They told the public nothing about Dairy Milk. Rather than using the chocolate as the main focal point, Cadbury decided to use emotional appeals to attract the public’s attention. Many in the industry viewed this as a huge risk, but it is one that seems to have worked for Cadbury. These three ads are very similar as they don’t focus on the Cadbury bar they focus on entertaining the viewer by their use of a gorilla, airport trucks and the two children moving their eyebrows. It’s not until the end of the ad that the Dairy Milk bar appears in each ad. They are all very catchy ads by the use of music in them which have become popular songs again since the ads were first screened. The use of the colour purple is common in each of the three ads which is Cadburys main colour and is used on the bar wrapper. Q2. Cadbury has relied very heavily on TV advertising for its ‘A Glass and a half full Productions’ advertisements. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising. Without doubt Cadbury has relied heavily on TV advertising for its advertisements, and it is easy to see why. Television is by far the most popular entertainment medium around the world, with the latest report from the Television Audience Measurement Ireland (TAM) showing that Irish TV viewers alone watch on average of 3 and a half hours of TV per day. The huge advantage of TV advertising is the wide audience it reaches. Television viewers come from all walks of life, from children watching cartoons, to elderly retiree’s, everyone tunes into television at some part of the day. It is clear that TV advertising reaches a lot more people than other media outlet’s such as radio station’s or newspapers. Another big advantage of TV advertising is how it offers the greatest possibility for creative advertising. It can convey your message with print, video, audio, still photos, motion, light and graphics, to capture the attention of potential customers. TV ads can also sh ow and tell people about your product or service and actually show the benefits of ownership. One final advantage of TV advertising is its ability to advertise to targeted audiences. For example children can be reached during cartoon programming, housewives  during the afternoon soap operas, and people working in the Primary sector such as farmers and fishermen, around the time of the weather forecast! However, everything, TV advertising also has it’s disadvantages, with high costs being the primary one. TV ads are very expensive. To make show your ad is memorable, you need a decent amount of air time, but the longer the air time, the more expensive it is. Also, for a customer to remember the ad, the ad must be aired repeatedly. The down-side to this as a company is, every time the ad is aired, you must pay. On top of the expensive air rates, to make a good ad, you will need to hire a team of experts to create the advertisement. To highlight the cost of TV advertising, a May 2011 report by Allbusiness.com found that, to produce a quality 30-second national spot in America can cost up to $300,000. A further disadvantage to TV advertising is the difficulty to change your advertisement efficiently and quickly. For example if a company wanted to advertise a new special offer or promotion, a new time slot must be bought. Basically you are paying for a new ad, unlike other media o utlets such as newspapers or radio’s where the ad can be edited quickly without fuss. Finally, like we studied in the chapter on advertising, TV ads are becoming increasingly ignored. During ad breaks during their favourite TV shows, people will now often change channels, go out of the room, or simply play on their smartphone, laptop or any other items of technology. Q3. What role did viral advertising play in these advertising campaigns? Viral advertising is marketing through pre-existing social networking services or other online technologies with the aim of increasing brand awareness and product sales with the use of viral processes such as video campaigns. Viral advertising played a vital role in each of the three campaigns created by â€Å"a Glass and a Half Full Productions†. This can be easily seen in their first advertising campaign back in 2007 the famous â€Å"Gorilla† which created a platform for Cadbury Dairy Milk. On the launch night of this campaign the advert of the Gorilla was also uploaded to the social networking site YouTube. In just one night the video was viewed 500,000 times and overall was viewed 10 million times, thus the advertising campaign went viral and so creating a huge success story for Cadbury Dairy Milk. Through viral advertising this advert was able to gain a larger  viewing audience and so increasing the market awareness of Dairy Milk. Through viral advertising Cadbur y Dairy Milk’s chocolate sales in 2007 increased to 7% this is an increase of 30% compared to other competitors. The following adverts â€Å"Airport Trucks† and â€Å"Eyebrows† followed in the methods of the â€Å"Gorilla† in becoming viral sensations. They became instant favourites on YouTube. Cadbury Dairy Milk grasped the advantages of viral advertising with both hands and through this brought their business to the next level. They hosted online events which the public could get involved and fall in love with their product through viral entertainment. I believe viral advertising was the key aspect to the success of the advertising campaigns created by â€Å"a Glass and a Half Full Productions† as they were able massively increase their customer base and get the people involved in their product. Q4. All three Cadbury advertisements have nothing to do with chocolate, yet people remember what the advertisements are for. Why is there no actual reference to chocolate in the advertisements? What makes the advertisements so memorable as Cadbury Dairy Milk advertisements? Cadburys is a name that’s been around for the last one hundred and ninety years, dating back to John Cadbury who first opened his shop on Bull Street in Birmingham. We all know the Cadbury brand so well it’s been around a lot longer than all of us. It is because of this we are so familiar with their trademarks. The ‘A glass and a half’ symbol was introduced in 1928. The company used this familiar symbol to create their new slogan ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ which they decided to use for their marketing campaign. Chocolate has always been associated with joy, chemically speaking chocolate releases serotonin and another feel-good hormone called dopamine. Cadburys know this and therefore decided to tap into this and bring their customers joy in another form, entertainment. Prior to the introduction of ‘A Glass and a Half’ Cadburys decided upon using purple in 1920. This purple is a recognisable aspect of all three advertisem ents. The vibrant purple is noticeably the background to their first creative ad, ‘The Gorilla’. Cadburys have put great emphasis on the purple here by using plain colours such as the black of the gorilla, two white planes also featured on the wall  and the silver of the drums. Similarly in the ‘Eyebrows’ advert, only plain colours are used as not to distract the viewer from the girls dress. However, in the Airport advertisement great colours are used on all of the trucks in the race. This is an effort to show fun in the ad, the enhanced airport vehicles are an example of Cadburys creativity using unlikely vehicles for the first ever airport race. That’s fun. The purple in the ‘airport’ advertisement is subtle but still clearly visible in the sky, this is no accident. As we as consumers are so familiar with the product it is not a necessity to display the functions of the product and what joy it will bring but by using abstract methods of grabbing our attention Cadburys has found entertaining their customers by using familiar songs like Queens – Don’t stop me now and Phil Collins – In The Air Tonight, to such great success with customers that not only did their advertisements go viral on YouTube but they even put Phil Collins song back into the charts. We as consumers could recognise and appreciate their efforts to bring joy to al l viewers.

Romanticism in the Scarlet Letter Essay - 852 Words

Romanticism is categorized as â€Å"a preference for simplicity and naturalness, a love of plain feelings and truth to common place reality, especially as found in natural scenes†. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotes the story going on in the book, including the characters. The other story has symbols that speak on†¦show more content†¦In nearly everything she does, as a young child, she finds immense pleasure. However, the forest is also a safe place. the unhappy culprit sustained herself as best a woman might, under the heavy weight of a tho usand unrelenting eyes all fastened upon her, and concentrated on her bosom. Her existence came from what Puritanism deems â€Å"evil†. Hester demonstrates human naturalness by obeying her instinctual urges and having a relationship with Reverend Dimmesdale. The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, reflects the ideals of American Romanticism by the use of the concept of Dark Romanticism, the evident appreciation of nature and innocent children, and the rejection of the standard rules of society and the influence of England, instead, answering to a higher moral code. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a well-know Dark Romantic, employs the issues prevalent in Dark Romanticism in his novel The Scarlet Letter. These include the concepts of: guilt and sin, good and evil, and madness in the human psyche. Guilt and sin are heavily addressed in the novel, focusing on Hester’s outward versus Dimmesdale’s hidden guilt, and the sins committed by the adulterous couple and the revenge-driven Roger Chillingworth. The idea of what good and evil are is questioned in the novel. For example, the reader is led to question if Hester was right in not revealing Dimmesdale, and in turn if both Dimmesdale and Chillingworth wereShow MoreRelatedRomanticism in The Scarlet Letter1596 Words   |  7 Pagesonly dead fish swim with the stream. -Malcolm Muggeridge. This famous quote justifies that to be an individual, one must break from society and think for himself, and only when he has done this, is he truly alive. Nathaniel Hawthornes novel The Scarlet Letter is about a courageous woman, Hester Prynne, and her struggle to split from society in order to live the loving life she has always wanted. By the use of symbolism, Hawthorne is effectively able to portray the forest, which promotes individualityRead MoreRomanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1461 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Literary Romanticism was a literary movement that started in Europe toward the late 1700’s and reached America in the early 19th century just in time for its peak years. Originally sparked by the Industrial Revolution, it was a response to the political and social conditions of the time as well as a challenge to the new type of scientific exploration and rationalization of everyday life. Writing that was grand and inspired great feeling andRead MoreRomanticism And Transcendentalism In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter956 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter - Research Paper Nathaniel Hawthorne is 19th-century author whose works were primarily classified as romanticism and transcendentalism. 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He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England.   It is all gloom and doom.   If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice.   The entire place seems to be shroudedRead MorePuritanism, Romanticism And Transcendentalism In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne983 Words   |  4 Pages Although Puritanism, Romanticism and Transcendentalism do not coexist peacefully, these almost worldview kind of people groups are deeply embedded into three fictional characters from the book, The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This enthralling and rich classic which takes place in Boston Massachusetts during the time of Puritanism gives the reader not only a taste of the Puritans and their staunch attitude, but also of a less common way of thinking andRead More Romanticism in Scarlet Letter, Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown2077 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional; they borrowed from classical romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticism combinedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1434 Words   |  6 Pagesvon Mises said â€Å"Romanticism is man s revolt against reason, as well as against the condition under which nature has compelled him to live.† Mises s quote means that people use romanticism to see different things in the world that reason cannot do. Many early settlers were anxious to create their own identity and by doing so, they changed their rational thinking. Because of this, many writers produced instructional texts and more stories, novels and poetry. American Romanticism was a new wa y ofRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter869 Words   |  4 Pagesbesides politics. Romanticism values intuition over reason, believes imagination could discover truths the rational mind could not, and contemplates nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development. Dark romanticism is a subgenre that has a dark view of human life. The most famous Dark Romantic writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne, emphasizes human proneness to sin and self-destruction, uses symbols that are considered dark, and believes that evil can overtake good. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreRomanticism Is Essential to the American Culture954 Words   |  4 PagesRomanticism is essential to the American culture. It was sought out to be the central movement of the American Renaissance, being most mediated through transcendentalism and it continues to influence on American thought and writing. â€Å"Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as ro mantic, although love may occasionally be the subject of Romantic art. Rather, it is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people inRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1187 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in Red Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter shows the early view of Puritanism by concentrating on sin, guilt, and its effects on society. Nathaniel Hawthorne conveyed a dark and romantic style of writing in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, impacting the society by focusing on the concepts of romanticism. The Scarlet Letter is considered a classic book and is still read today. Nathaniel Hathorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. He was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Clark