Marine Pollution Essay Example for Free

Marine Pollution Essay From our early years in school, our science teachers have taught us that two thirds or roughly 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by water. And yet it is probably the most neglected element in the environment. The oceans are home to a diverse number of wildlife and an important source of food for most of the inhabitants of the earth, including humans. From this fact alone, the importance of the ocean can’t be more emphasized. Besides being a source of food, the ocean also provides us with various medicines through the abundance of life that it produces. Around 500 types of sea species have potentially cancer curing chemicals (WWF fact sheet, n. d). Marine Pollution In layman’s terms, marine pollution is simply the destruction of the quality of water through contamination, but in scientific terms, marine pollution is the â€Å"distortion of marine environment health† (Sinha, 1998). Anything that we dump to a body of water that is not supposed to be there is marine pollution. The question whether the act of dumping is intentional or not is irrelevant because the intention does not reduce the damage done to the body of water. It has been once thought that the ocean is so vast that it would be able to dilute all the wastes that are put in it. Of course we know now that this is not true. We have polluted the oceans so much, and in a lot of different ways, that we are now feeling the effects of our neglect. We have to stop marine pollution now if we, and the generations after us are to enjoy our world’s number one resource. Sources of Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Solutions Oil Pollution – according to the National Research Council, the oceans suffer more than it seems in the news. Occasionally, major oil spills reach our television screens but so much more is dumped into the ocean every year and they are not even because of accidents (NRC, 1985). Major oil spills are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to oil polluting the ocean. Oil spills are just more visual, because they are televised most (or some) of the time, but oil spills from ships or platforms are just some of the reasons on how oil can be dumped into the ocean. The following graph shows that major oil spills is second to the least source of the total oil that reaches the oceans. Source: Ocean Planet. Oil Pollution. The part that shows the most contribution to oil pollution is known as the run-off effect. It is the combination of all the oil that is spilled in land that seeps through the soil and find its way to the ocean. Run-off pollution is very harmful to the environment and our health. Not only does it damage the oceans but it also damages the smaller bodies of water that the oil used to reach the ocean. The oil can disrupt marine life, and ultimately destroy it (MarineBio, n. d. ) Lots of marine animals are killed due to oil spills because they come in direct contact with the oil, hindering their movement, and therefore their chances of survival, not to mention that the oil is toxic. Despite the decreasing popularity of oil, it would be always there as long as humans can extract them from the earth, so we can’t stop collecting them. What we can do, is to pass laws that would make present laws on the oil production business stricter, and therefore safer. But as mentioned, direct oil spills on the ocean are the least of our worries. We must properly dispose the oils that we use in land because it contributes the most in mixing that oil with our waters. Toxic Chemicals – oil is just one of the pollutants that contribute to the destruction of marine environmental health. There are a number of toxic chemicals out there that are spilled in to the ocean. These chemicals don’t just contaminate the water, the creatures of the sea are also contaminated and create a domino effect on all those that belong to its food chain. We should be concerned about these toxic chemicals because we are part of that food chain (assuming that most people eat fish). â€Å"†¦many pollutants accumulate in marine organisms, humans are exposed to pollutants when they consume food from polluted areas. † Some studies have shown that humans that eat a lot of seafood are prone to chemicals such as dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and a number of heavy metals (Dewailly et al. 1999). Like oil, toxic chemicals also find their way to the ocean due to the run-off effect, although sometimes accidents at sea can cause direct spillage of toxic chemicals into the ocean. These are chemicals being transported by ships and somehow, by whatever reason, end up where it should not be. These chemicals destroy the environment much like how oil does, the only difference is some toxic chemicals are invisible. Seemingly harmless seafood products can be contaminated by these chemicals and be transmitted to our body if we consume them. One of these toxic chemicals is a marine antifouling paint ingredient called tributylin. Trubutylin is known to have some bad effects on gastropods and molluscs (Matthiessen and Law 2002). Perhaps the best way reduce chemical spills is to minimize our use of these toxic chemicals. They are toxic anyway ,so we might as well not use them. Use of alternative products in place of these chemicals might be possible, safer, and more environment friendly products. Anything that is harmful to the environment should be phased out or at least be used in moderation. The effects of these chemicals to the environment and our health are far too great for us to continue to use them. Other Pollutants – apart from oil and toxic chemicals, there are other toxins that add up to marine pollution. Some of these are sewage, plastic, and dredged materials. Most sewage still find their way to the ocean, sewage contain nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus is what some toxic algae thrives on. These toxic algae consume the oxygen of an affected area making it a dead zone. One incident happened just a few years ago and is mentioned in the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Fact sheet for marine pollution: A few years ago a massive slick of poisonous algae spread through the channels, which separate the coasts of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The slime affected 200km of coastline, killed millions of fish and forced tourist beaches to close (WWF, n. d). Plastic is the most common trash found on the ocean. They are non-biodegradable materials, they take an eternity of years to be broken down by nature. While at their current un-broken state, plastics can be mistaken by marine creatures for food which is most of the time lethal to them. If animals aren’t killed by eating them mistakenly, they are caught by it, strangling them until they drown, or reduce their capacity to move, making them prone to attack from predators. Finally, dredged materials are things that are removed because of construction purposes. Dredged materials may contain harmful chemicals that are dumped into the ocean and cause sediments to form on coral reefs (WWF n. d) Conclusion These are just some of the reasons why we should stop polluting our oceans and our environment in general. Our oceans surround us, any ill effects that it experience would surely be felt by the inhabitants of the earth. The effects that are caused by marine pollution can be so devastating that it can alter our way of life as we know it. Food supplies, possible medicines, and the overall health of the planet is based on the health of the oceans. We must do everything we can in order to preserve it, for our own, and our children’s sake. Reference World Wildlife Foundation. (n. d). Fact Sheet no. 30: Marine Pollution. November 7, 2008. from: http://www. wwf. org. hk/eng/pdf/references/factsheets/factsheet30. PDF Sinha, P. C. (1998). Marine Polution. November 7, 2008. from: http://books. google. com. ph/books? id=XcWGR-w4-HkCpg=PA19lpg=PA19dq=Marine+Pollution+Argumentssource=blots=fnpHZgsWKIsig=WiDQH-ietk7MZPJviDXhjEC6tkchl=tlsa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=2ct=result#PPP1,M1 – National Research Council. 1985. Oil in the sea. National Academy Press, Washington D. C. November 7, 2008. from: http://seawifs. gsfc. nasa.gov/ocean_planet_scripts/footnote. pl? per1+1 Marine Bio. org (n. d). Ocean Dumping Grounds. November 7, 2008. From: http://marinebio. org/Oceans/OceanDumping. asp Dewailly E, Mulvad G, Pedersen HS, Ayotte P. , Demers A, Weber JP, et al. 1999. from Concentration of organochlorines in human brain, liver, and adipose tissue autopsy samples Greenland. Environment Health Perspective 107:823-828. Matthiessen P, Law RJ. 2002. Contaminants and their effects on estuarine and coastal organisms in the United Kingdom in the late twentieth century. Environment Pollution 120:739-747.

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, along with severe impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and cognitive development (1,2,3). If the brain is responsible for behavior then it should follow that disordered autistic behaviors should be explainable in terms of brain abnormalities and disordered neurobiological processes. While findings are generally speculative and the etiology of the disorder remains somewhat of an enigma, there is significant evidence that autism is associated with neurobiological dysfunction. Autistic individuals are often highly socially withdrawn to the extent that they may appear to live in a world of their own. Infants typically fail to develop normal attachments to parents or caregivers. They may seem indifferent to other's gestures of affection towards them, and may even resist being held or otherwise engaged in physical or emotional interaction. They tend to make little or no use of eye contact, smiling, facial expressions, gestures, and other signals of social intent. They continue to manifest many of the same social impairments throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. For example, they typically fail to develop normal peer relationships and they generally demonstrate an impairment in social-emotional reciprocity. Normal displays of emotion or empathy are uncommon: they do not generally offer comfort to others, nor do they seek others for comfort in their own times of distress. Similarly, they lack the ability to share in the enjoyment of other's pleasure and they resist sharing their own enjoyment with others. Res... ...m/p00.html#A 7)Autism and the Limbic System http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 8)Brain Lesions Linked to Autism http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 9)Researchers Identify Brain Abnormalities in Autistic Children http://www2.ari.net/rjohnson/articles/AUTISM.1.ANR.html 10)Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Autism http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/psychiatry/CPS/41.html 11)Progress in the Neurobiology of Autism http://www.cme-reviews.com/CNS398_rapin.html 12)Secretin: A Treatment for Autism? (Autism Biomedical Information Network) http://www.autism-biomed.org/secretin.htm 13)Secretin Information (Autism Research Institute) http://www.autismwebsite.com/ari/secretin2.html 14)The Use of Secretin to Treat Autism (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) http://www.nih.gov/redirect/nichd-redirect.html

Cadbury Company Essay

Introduction Dairy Milk is a brand of milk chocolate currently manufactured by Cadbury. It was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1905 and now consists of a number of different products. Every product in the Dairy Milk line is made exclusively with milk chocolate. Cadbury’s Daily Milk has a range of different flavours, all equally famous around the world. This case study relates to the topic of advertising which we studied in class. Cadbury is not only famous for the quality of their product, but also for their advertising. Since 2007, the date of birth of ‘a glass and a half full production’, which is Cadbury’s own internal production company, we talk a lot about the chocolate brand because of their advertising campaign. The aim of this new approach to advertising from Cadbury’s is not to focus on the chocolate but on the joy and enjoyment, you associate with eating a chocolate bar. The three most famous campaigns to date are ‘Gorilla’s’ in 2007, ‘Airport trucks’ in 2008, and ‘Eyebrows’ in 2009. All of these advertising campaigns are set in a fun environment with enjoyable music to try to capture people’s attention, excite them and make them feel happy. In this report, we will at first, evaluate the objectives and advertising platform of these three ads. We will then explain the advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising. We will explore the role of viral advertising in these sort of advertising campaigns, before concluding by highlighting just what made these Cadbury’s ad’s so memorable. Q1. View all three Cadbury Dairy Milk advertisements on YouTube. Describe and evaluate the advertising platform and the advertising objectives of these three ads. How are all three related? In 2007, Cadburys launched its first advertising campaign from the newly established ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’. The 90 second advertisement entitled â€Å"Gorilla† was premiered during the season finale of Big Brother 2007, with the Phil Collins song â€Å"In the Air Tonight† playing in the background with a Gorilla playing the drums to the beat of the song. Big Brother would have generated a massive audience and Cadbury planned it perfectly to first launch the ‘Gorilla’ ad doing the breaks in the Big Brother finale. The campaign itself  has made appearances on bi llboards, print newspapers and magazines, television and cinema spots, event sponsorships and an internet presence which just shows how successful it was. Keen to build on the success of the â€Å"Gorilla† advertisement, ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ released their second production on 29th March 2008. This advertisement tells the story of the first ever airport truck race in history, seeing vehicles of all shapes and sizes take to an empty runway for the race of their lives. Each one of the trucks was ‘pimped’ to show its unique character. With everything from go faster stripes to customised wheel trims, the trucks lined up on the starting line under a purple sky at dusk and raced to the music of Queen’s â€Å"Don’t Stop Me Now†. This ad wasn’t as successful as the ‘Gorilla’ or ‘Eyebrows’ ad. In January 2009, Cadbury introduced a new ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ TV advertisement, entitled â€Å"Eyebrows†, which became the 3rd video produced by the production company. The 60 second advertisement brought to life the story of a brother’s and sister’s moment of madness when backs are turned and they are left to their own devices. The advert opens with two siblings sitting in a traditional photographer’s studio, waiting to have their portrait taken. When the photographer was called away by a ringing phone the children launched into a choreographed eyebrow dance. The children produced a range of eyebrow dance moves to the sound of â€Å"Don’t Stop the Rock† by electro-funk superstar, Freestyle. Cadburys main objectives with these three ads were to deliver greater brand love and involvement while keeping the core consumers engaged and to also attract the younger audience to help build the brands profile. They achieved these objectives by creating enjoyable and memorable ads which for example lead to people trying to copy the ‘Eyebrows’ ad and posting their videos on YouTube. Since 2007 Cadbury have adopted a new advertising approach which many view as critical to both the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand and the company. Cadbury decided not to focus on the chocolate in their advertisements, but instead to focus on entertaining the public. This led to the creation of the three memorable advertisements outlined above, â€Å"Gorilla†, â€Å"Airport Trucks† and â€Å"Eyebrows†. All these advertisements incorporated the Cadbury trademark colour purple into the ads and displayed the Cadbury Dairy Milk logo and slogan ‘A Glass and a Half Full of Joyà ¢â‚¬â„¢. All the ads embraced the popularity of viral advertising and used this very much to their advantage and were a  huge hit on YouTube and on social networking sites. They became a firm favourite among the online community. They told the public nothing about Dairy Milk. Rather than using the chocolate as the main focal point, Cadbury decided to use emotional appeals to attract the public’s attention. Many in the industry viewed this as a huge risk, but it is one that seems to have worked for Cadbury. These three ads are very similar as they don’t focus on the Cadbury bar they focus on entertaining the viewer by their use of a gorilla, airport trucks and the two children moving their eyebrows. It’s not until the end of the ad that the Dairy Milk bar appears in each ad. They are all very catchy ads by the use of music in them which have become popular songs again since the ads were first screened. The use of the colour purple is common in each of the three ads which is Cadburys main colour and is used on the bar wrapper. Q2. Cadbury has relied very heavily on TV advertising for its ‘A Glass and a half full Productions’ advertisements. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising. Without doubt Cadbury has relied heavily on TV advertising for its advertisements, and it is easy to see why. Television is by far the most popular entertainment medium around the world, with the latest report from the Television Audience Measurement Ireland (TAM) showing that Irish TV viewers alone watch on average of 3 and a half hours of TV per day. The huge advantage of TV advertising is the wide audience it reaches. Television viewers come from all walks of life, from children watching cartoons, to elderly retiree’s, everyone tunes into television at some part of the day. It is clear that TV advertising reaches a lot more people than other media outlet’s such as radio station’s or newspapers. Another big advantage of TV advertising is how it offers the greatest possibility for creative advertising. It can convey your message with print, video, audio, still photos, motion, light and graphics, to capture the attention of potential customers. TV ads can also sh ow and tell people about your product or service and actually show the benefits of ownership. One final advantage of TV advertising is its ability to advertise to targeted audiences. For example children can be reached during cartoon programming, housewives  during the afternoon soap operas, and people working in the Primary sector such as farmers and fishermen, around the time of the weather forecast! However, everything, TV advertising also has it’s disadvantages, with high costs being the primary one. TV ads are very expensive. To make show your ad is memorable, you need a decent amount of air time, but the longer the air time, the more expensive it is. Also, for a customer to remember the ad, the ad must be aired repeatedly. The down-side to this as a company is, every time the ad is aired, you must pay. On top of the expensive air rates, to make a good ad, you will need to hire a team of experts to create the advertisement. To highlight the cost of TV advertising, a May 2011 report by Allbusiness.com found that, to produce a quality 30-second national spot in America can cost up to $300,000. A further disadvantage to TV advertising is the difficulty to change your advertisement efficiently and quickly. For example if a company wanted to advertise a new special offer or promotion, a new time slot must be bought. Basically you are paying for a new ad, unlike other media o utlets such as newspapers or radio’s where the ad can be edited quickly without fuss. Finally, like we studied in the chapter on advertising, TV ads are becoming increasingly ignored. During ad breaks during their favourite TV shows, people will now often change channels, go out of the room, or simply play on their smartphone, laptop or any other items of technology. Q3. What role did viral advertising play in these advertising campaigns? Viral advertising is marketing through pre-existing social networking services or other online technologies with the aim of increasing brand awareness and product sales with the use of viral processes such as video campaigns. Viral advertising played a vital role in each of the three campaigns created by â€Å"a Glass and a Half Full Productions†. This can be easily seen in their first advertising campaign back in 2007 the famous â€Å"Gorilla† which created a platform for Cadbury Dairy Milk. On the launch night of this campaign the advert of the Gorilla was also uploaded to the social networking site YouTube. In just one night the video was viewed 500,000 times and overall was viewed 10 million times, thus the advertising campaign went viral and so creating a huge success story for Cadbury Dairy Milk. Through viral advertising this advert was able to gain a larger  viewing audience and so increasing the market awareness of Dairy Milk. Through viral advertising Cadbur y Dairy Milk’s chocolate sales in 2007 increased to 7% this is an increase of 30% compared to other competitors. The following adverts â€Å"Airport Trucks† and â€Å"Eyebrows† followed in the methods of the â€Å"Gorilla† in becoming viral sensations. They became instant favourites on YouTube. Cadbury Dairy Milk grasped the advantages of viral advertising with both hands and through this brought their business to the next level. They hosted online events which the public could get involved and fall in love with their product through viral entertainment. I believe viral advertising was the key aspect to the success of the advertising campaigns created by â€Å"a Glass and a Half Full Productions† as they were able massively increase their customer base and get the people involved in their product. Q4. All three Cadbury advertisements have nothing to do with chocolate, yet people remember what the advertisements are for. Why is there no actual reference to chocolate in the advertisements? What makes the advertisements so memorable as Cadbury Dairy Milk advertisements? Cadburys is a name that’s been around for the last one hundred and ninety years, dating back to John Cadbury who first opened his shop on Bull Street in Birmingham. We all know the Cadbury brand so well it’s been around a lot longer than all of us. It is because of this we are so familiar with their trademarks. The ‘A glass and a half’ symbol was introduced in 1928. The company used this familiar symbol to create their new slogan ‘A Glass and a Half Full Productions’ which they decided to use for their marketing campaign. Chocolate has always been associated with joy, chemically speaking chocolate releases serotonin and another feel-good hormone called dopamine. Cadburys know this and therefore decided to tap into this and bring their customers joy in another form, entertainment. Prior to the introduction of ‘A Glass and a Half’ Cadburys decided upon using purple in 1920. This purple is a recognisable aspect of all three advertisem ents. The vibrant purple is noticeably the background to their first creative ad, ‘The Gorilla’. Cadburys have put great emphasis on the purple here by using plain colours such as the black of the gorilla, two white planes also featured on the wall  and the silver of the drums. Similarly in the ‘Eyebrows’ advert, only plain colours are used as not to distract the viewer from the girls dress. However, in the Airport advertisement great colours are used on all of the trucks in the race. This is an effort to show fun in the ad, the enhanced airport vehicles are an example of Cadburys creativity using unlikely vehicles for the first ever airport race. That’s fun. The purple in the ‘airport’ advertisement is subtle but still clearly visible in the sky, this is no accident. As we as consumers are so familiar with the product it is not a necessity to display the functions of the product and what joy it will bring but by using abstract methods of grabbing our attention Cadburys has found entertaining their customers by using familiar songs like Queens – Don’t stop me now and Phil Collins – In The Air Tonight, to such great success with customers that not only did their advertisements go viral on YouTube but they even put Phil Collins song back into the charts. We as consumers could recognise and appreciate their efforts to bring joy to al l viewers.

Romanticism in the Scarlet Letter Essay - 852 Words

Romanticism is categorized as â€Å"a preference for simplicity and naturalness, a love of plain feelings and truth to common place reality, especially as found in natural scenes†. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotes the story going on in the book, including the characters. The other story has symbols that speak on†¦show more content†¦In nearly everything she does, as a young child, she finds immense pleasure. However, the forest is also a safe place. the unhappy culprit sustained herself as best a woman might, under the heavy weight of a tho usand unrelenting eyes all fastened upon her, and concentrated on her bosom. Her existence came from what Puritanism deems â€Å"evil†. Hester demonstrates human naturalness by obeying her instinctual urges and having a relationship with Reverend Dimmesdale. The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, reflects the ideals of American Romanticism by the use of the concept of Dark Romanticism, the evident appreciation of nature and innocent children, and the rejection of the standard rules of society and the influence of England, instead, answering to a higher moral code. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a well-know Dark Romantic, employs the issues prevalent in Dark Romanticism in his novel The Scarlet Letter. These include the concepts of: guilt and sin, good and evil, and madness in the human psyche. Guilt and sin are heavily addressed in the novel, focusing on Hester’s outward versus Dimmesdale’s hidden guilt, and the sins committed by the adulterous couple and the revenge-driven Roger Chillingworth. The idea of what good and evil are is questioned in the novel. For example, the reader is led to question if Hester was right in not revealing Dimmesdale, and in turn if both Dimmesdale and Chillingworth wereShow MoreRelatedRomanticism in The Scarlet Letter1596 Words   |  7 Pagesonly dead fish swim with the stream. -Malcolm Muggeridge. This famous quote justifies that to be an individual, one must break from society and think for himself, and only when he has done this, is he truly alive. Nathaniel Hawthornes novel The Scarlet Letter is about a courageous woman, Hester Prynne, and her struggle to split from society in order to live the loving life she has always wanted. By the use of symbolism, Hawthorne is effectively able to portray the forest, which promotes individualityRead MoreRomanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1461 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Literary Romanticism was a literary movement that started in Europe toward the late 1700’s and reached America in the early 19th century just in time for its peak years. Originally sparked by the Industrial Revolution, it was a response to the political and social conditions of the time as well as a challenge to the new type of scientific exploration and rationalization of everyday life. Writing that was grand and inspired great feeling andRead MoreRomanticism And Transcendentalism In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter956 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter - Research Paper Nathaniel Hawthorne is 19th-century author whose works were primarily classified as romanticism and transcendentalism. 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He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England.   It is all gloom and doom.   If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice.   The entire place seems to be shroudedRead MorePuritanism, Romanticism And Transcendentalism In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne983 Words   |  4 Pages Although Puritanism, Romanticism and Transcendentalism do not coexist peacefully, these almost worldview kind of people groups are deeply embedded into three fictional characters from the book, The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This enthralling and rich classic which takes place in Boston Massachusetts during the time of Puritanism gives the reader not only a taste of the Puritans and their staunch attitude, but also of a less common way of thinking andRead More Romanticism in Scarlet Letter, Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown2077 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional; they borrowed from classical romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticism combinedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1434 Words   |  6 Pagesvon Mises said â€Å"Romanticism is man s revolt against reason, as well as against the condition under which nature has compelled him to live.† Mises s quote means that people use romanticism to see different things in the world that reason cannot do. Many early settlers were anxious to create their own identity and by doing so, they changed their rational thinking. Because of this, many writers produced instructional texts and more stories, novels and poetry. American Romanticism was a new wa y ofRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter869 Words   |  4 Pagesbesides politics. Romanticism values intuition over reason, believes imagination could discover truths the rational mind could not, and contemplates nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development. Dark romanticism is a subgenre that has a dark view of human life. The most famous Dark Romantic writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne, emphasizes human proneness to sin and self-destruction, uses symbols that are considered dark, and believes that evil can overtake good. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreRomanticism Is Essential to the American Culture954 Words   |  4 PagesRomanticism is essential to the American culture. It was sought out to be the central movement of the American Renaissance, being most mediated through transcendentalism and it continues to influence on American thought and writing. â€Å"Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as ro mantic, although love may occasionally be the subject of Romantic art. Rather, it is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people inRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1187 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in Red Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter shows the early view of Puritanism by concentrating on sin, guilt, and its effects on society. Nathaniel Hawthorne conveyed a dark and romantic style of writing in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, impacting the society by focusing on the concepts of romanticism. The Scarlet Letter is considered a classic book and is still read today. Nathaniel Hathorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. He was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Clark